← Essential Mathematics / 3 Statistics and Probability
3.2 Probability II
Essential Mathematics · Grade 11 · 25 lessons in the design
What you will be able to do
- perform experiments involving probabilities in different situations
- identify the range of probability in different situations
- generate probability space of different events
- determine the probability of mutually exclusive and independent events
- determine probability of different events using tree diagrams
- appreciate the application of probability in real-life situations
Key questions
“How is probability applied in real-life situations?”
Lessons
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What probability means
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizExplain probability as a measure of how likely an event is and use chance words.
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Carrying out an experiment
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizToss a coin many times and compare the relative frequency with the theoretical probability.
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Throwing a die
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizUse the six equally likely outcomes of a die to find probabilities.
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The range of probability
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizState that every probability lies between 0 and 1 and test whether a value is possible.
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The probability space
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizList all the possible outcomes of an experiment to form its probability space.
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Events and favourable outcomes
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizFind probabilities from a probability space with equally likely outcomes.
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The complement of an event
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizFind the probability that an event does not happen using P(not E) = 1 - P(E).
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Two coins
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizList the four outcomes of tossing two coins and find probabilities from them.
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The sum of two dice
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizUse the thirty-six outcomes of two dice to find the probability of each sum.
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Mutually exclusive events
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizRecognise events that cannot happen together and find the probability of either.
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The addition rule
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizAdd the probabilities of mutually exclusive events to find the chance of either.
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Events that overlap
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizUse P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B) when two events can both happen.
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Independent events
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizRecognise events where the result of one does not affect the other.
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The multiplication rule
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizMultiply the probabilities of independent events to find the chance that both happen.
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With and without replacement
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizCompare independent draws with replacement and dependent draws without replacement.
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Tree diagrams for one event
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizDraw a tree diagram for a single event and read the branch probabilities.
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Tree diagrams for two events
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizDraw a tree for two events and list the four paths.
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Multiplying along the branches
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizFind the probability of a path by multiplying the branch probabilities.
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Adding across the branches
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizAdd the probabilities of the paths that together make an event.
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Drawing marbles from a bag
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizUse a tree to find probabilities when two marbles are drawn without replacement.
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Playing cards
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizUse a pack of 52 cards to find probabilities, including overlapping events.
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Probability in a weather forecast
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizUse a tree to find the probability of rain over two days.
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Fair games
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizDecide whether a game of chance is fair using the expected return.
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Expected numbers
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizFind the expected number of successes using probability times the number of trials.
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Probability: mixed review
40 min · 1 practice tasks · quizBring together the range, spaces, mutually exclusive and independent events and trees.