4.5 International Trade

• Meaning and importance of international trade
• Mandatory documents used in international trade and their functions
• The bill of lading and the airway bill
• The proforma invoice and the commercial invoice
• The packing list, delivery order and purchase order
• Payment slips, receipts and the certificate of origin
• The certificate of conformity
• Reasons for trade restrictions in international trade
• Methods of trade restrictions: tariffs and customs duties
• Methods of trade restrictions: quotas, embargoes, subsidies and administrative barriers
• Impact of ethical and unethical practices in international trade on developing economies

• explore the mandatory documents used in international trade
• analyse the reasons for trade restrictions in international trade
• explain the methods of trade restrictions in international trade
• assess the impact of ethical and unethical practices in international trade on developing economies
• appreciate the role of mandatory transaction documents in international trade

“What are the mandatory documents used in international trade?”

“How does a government restrict international trade?”

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1. International trade and why it matters
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Introduce international trade, exports and imports, and why countries trade.
2. The mandatory documents of international trade
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Introduce the mandatory documents used in international trade and their purpose.
3. The bill of lading
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Explore the meaning and functions of the bill of lading in sea transport.
4. The airway bill
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Explore the meaning and functions of the airway bill in air transport.
5. The proforma invoice
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Explore the meaning and functions of the proforma invoice.
6. The commercial invoice
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Explore the meaning and functions of the commercial invoice.
7. The packing list
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Explore the meaning and functions of the packing list.
8. Purchase orders and delivery orders
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Explore the meaning and functions of purchase orders and delivery orders.
9. Payment slips, receipts and the certificate of origin
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Explore payment slips, receipts and the certificate of origin.
10. The certificate of conformity
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    Explore the meaning and functions of the certificate of conformity.
11. Why governments restrict international trade
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    Analyse the reasons for trade restrictions in international trade.
12. Trade restrictions: tariffs and customs duties
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    Explain how tariffs and customs duties restrict international trade.
13. Trade restrictions: quotas, embargoes and subsidies
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    Explain non-tariff methods of restricting international trade.
14. Ethical practices in international trade
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    Assess the impact of ethical practices in international trade on developing economies.
15. Unethical practices in international trade
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    Assess the impact of unethical practices in international trade on developing economies.
16. Appreciating the mandatory documents of trade
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    Review the mandatory documents and appreciate their role in international trade.