4.1 Electrical Energy

• Sources of electricity
• The flow of electric current
• Simple series and parallel circuits using cells, wires, switch, bulb and bulb holder
• Common electrical appliances
• Safety measures when using electrical appliances
• Use of electricity in day-to-day life

• identify sources of electricity in the environment
• connect simple electrical circuits to demonstrate the flow of electric current
• identify common electrical appliances used in day-to-day life
• identify safety measures observed when handling electrical appliances
• appreciate the use of electricity in day-to-day life

“What are the sources of electricity in the environment?”

“How is electricity used in day-to-day life?”

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1. Why electrical energy matters
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Electricity lights rooms, cooks, moves machines and carries sound. Two inquiries guide 18 lessons: sources, then daily use. Grade 7 circuits use dry cells, never mains.
2. Sources of electricity
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   A source is where electrical energy is obtained. The design list starts in nature and in cells. Discuss locally first: dam, steam, sun, wind, fuel, torch cell.
3. Hydro, geothermal, solar and wind in Kenya
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Search and pin Kenyan examples: Masinga and other dams, Olkaria steam, rooftop and Garissa solar, Lake Turkana and Ngong wind.
4. Fuels, biomass, nuclear and tidal sources
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Finish the design list: fossil fuels, natural gas, biomass, nuclear and tidal-wave. Name them. Grade 7 does not run a reactor or a diesel store as a practical.
5. Electrical cells
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   A dry cell is a portable source with a plus bump and a minus flat end. School circuits start here. Do not cut cells open or join them to mains.
6. Parts of a simple circuit
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Name the kit: cell, connecting wire, switch, bulb, bulb holder. Unity: share roles. Do not snatch. Do not use mains parts.
7. Flow of electric current
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   Electric current is a flow of charge around a closed path driven by a cell. Demonstrate with a complete loop. Do not short the cell.
8. Open and closed circuits
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   A closed circuit is a complete loop; current can flow. An open circuit has a gap; the bulb is dark. The switch is the designed gap.
9. Series circuits
   40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
   In series, parts share one path. Two bulbs in a line; if one is removed the other goes out. Collaboratively set this up with cells.
10. Parallel circuits
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    In parallel, each bulb has its own branch. One can go out and the other can stay on. Set this up with the same cell kit, not with house wiring.
11. Series versus parallel
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    Compare the two builds: one path versus branches; both out versus one can stay. Draw both. Keep the comparison on the cell kit.
12. Common electrical appliances
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    An appliance uses electricity to do a job. Start the design list: lamp, torch, iron, kettle, cooker, blender, pressure cooker.
13. More appliances in daily life
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    Finish the design list: fridge, washing machine, fan, air conditioner, television, speaker, electric guitar. Not every home has every item.
14. Uses of electricity
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    Group uses: light, heat and cook, move, inform and entertain. Explore daily Kenyan use. Appreciation includes switching off what you do not need.
15. Electrical safety at home
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    Dry hands, sound cables, no pins in sockets, no overloaded adapters, irons on a rest. Water and electricity do not share a basin.
16. Electrical safety at school and in the lab
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    Lab circuits stay on dry cells. No joining kits to wall sockets. Report cracked plates. Kites far from lines. Responsibility for the kit.
17. Searching appliances and safety
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    Use print or digital media to add one appliance fact and one safety measure. Share. Stay Grade 7: no wiring diagrams from the internet copied onto a plug.
18. Appreciating electricity
    40 min · 1 practice tasks · quiz
    Close 4.1: sources in the environment, current in cell circuits, named appliances, safety, and thanks that is practical. Pre-Technical Studies continues circuits later.